Probable cause is required for which of the following actions?

Probable cause is a legal standard that requires a reasonable belief, based on facts, that a person has committed a crime. This threshold is important in the context of making an arrest, as law enforcement must have sufficient evidence or clear indications that a crime has occurred and that the individual in question is responsible. Without probable cause, an officer cannot legally detain or arrest a person, as it would violate that person's Fourth Amendment rights against unreasonable searches and seizures.

In contrast, issuing a Miranda warning does not involve probable cause; instead, it is a procedure that informs individuals of their rights when they are taken into custody and about to be interrogated. Formally charging a suspect with a crime also requires probable cause, but this usually comes into play after an arrest when the prosecutor reviews evidence. Requesting bail for a defendant involves a different set of criteria, primarily focused on flight risk and safety of the community, rather than directly on probable cause. Thus, the requirement of probable cause is specifically central to the actions involved in making an arrest.