What does the term "conviction" refer to in a legal context?

In a legal context, the term "conviction" specifically refers to the formal outcome of a judicial process where an individual is found guilty of a crime. This occurs after a trial or plea agreement, where evidence and arguments are presented, leading to a determination of guilt by a judge or jury. A conviction signifies that the legal system has assessed the facts and concluded that the accused has committed the offense as charged.

Understanding this term is vital because it also carries significant implications for the individual’s legal status, such as potential penalties, sentencing, and the impact on civil rights, such as voting or firearm ownership. The distinction between a conviction and other legal terms, such as charges or sanctions, highlights its importance in the legal process and the consequences that follow a conviction.