What rights does the First Amendment guarantee?

The First Amendment guarantees five fundamental freedoms: the freedom of speech, the freedom of religion, the freedom of the press, the right to assemble peacefully, and the right to petition the government for a redress of grievances. These rights are essential to a democratic society as they provide individuals with the ability to express their views, practice their beliefs, and actively participate in governance without fear of government interference or repression. The emphasis on these freedoms reflects the foundational values of liberty and personal autonomy that are central to the United States.

The other options reflect important rights protected by different amendments in the Constitution. The right to bear arms is outlined in the Second Amendment, while protection against unreasonable searches and seizures is found in the Fourth Amendment. The right to a fair trial is guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment. Each of these rights serves a critical role in ensuring justice and freedom in various aspects of personal and civic life but are distinct from the specific protections provided by the First Amendment.