Which amendment guarantees the right to a jury trial in criminal cases?

The Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution guarantees the right to a jury trial in criminal cases. This amendment specifies several rights related to criminal prosecutions, emphasizing the importance of a fair trial. It states that in all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed. This provision ensures that a defendant is judged by a jury of their peers, which is a fundamental aspect of the legal process aimed at protecting the rights of individuals against potential government overreach.

Other amendments listed do not specifically address the right to a jury trial in criminal cases. The First Amendment focuses on freedoms such as speech, religion, and assembly; the Fourth Amendment deals with protection against unreasonable searches and seizures; and the Fifth Amendment includes various rights related to due process and self-incrimination, but does not explicitly mention the right to a jury trial for criminal cases. Thus, the Sixth Amendment is the correct choice for this question.