Which murder degree indicates the perpetrator had premeditation to effect the death of another?

The correct answer is associated with the concept of premeditation, which is a critical component specific to first-degree murder. First-degree murder is defined as the unlawful killing of another person that is both intentional and premeditated – meaning the perpetrator planned the act beforehand and had the intent to kill. This level of murder reflects a deliberate decision to end a life, distinguishing it from other forms of homicide where intent may be present but has not been formulated over time.

In contrast, other options describe different circumstances surrounding homicides. Second-degree murder typically involves an intentional killing that is not premeditated but occurs as a result of a sudden passion or heat of the moment. Manslaughter, especially in the second degree, involves actions that lead to death without the intent to kill, often during a moment of recklessness or significant emotional disturbance. Justifiable homicide is not considered a crime at all, as it refers to instances where a killing occurs under circumstances that the law recognizes as permissible, such as self-defense.

Therefore, first-degree murder distinctly establishes the requirement of premeditation, making it the correct response to the question regarding intentionality in the act of killing.