Which types of cases are commonly heard in a trial court?

Trial courts are the first level of the court system where cases are heard and decided. These courts have the authority to adjudicate a wide variety of cases, which can include both criminal and civil matters.

Specifically, criminal cases are commonly heard in trial courts, as these courts are tasked with overseeing the prosecution of individuals accused of crimes. This includes a range of offenses from misdemeanors to felonies, where the state prosecutes the defendant, and issues of guilt or innocence are determined through a formal trial process. The trial court's essential role in handling criminal cases involves evaluating evidence, hearing witness testimony, and rendering verdicts that can lead to penalties such as fines, probation, or incarceration.

While civil cases, traffic violations, and small claims can also be heard in trial courts, the identification of the criminal cases as a primary focus highlights the court's significant role in upholding public safety and enforcing laws. This function is foundational to the justice system, as it ensures that those accused of crimes receive a fair trial and that societal norms are enforced through legal processes.